Identify the etiology of the three common strains of the hepatitis virus. Describe the treatments and medical nutrition therapy for hepatitis


?Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is primarily spread via fecal-oral transmission, which usually involves the ingestion of foods or beverages that have been contaminated with fecal material. HAV infection usually resolves within a few months and does not cause chronic infection or permanent liver damage. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted by infected blood or needles, by sexual contact with an infected person, and from mother to infant during childbirth. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is spread via infected blood or needles but is not readily spread by sexual contact or childbirth. Hepatitis is treated with supportive care, such as bed rest (if necessary) and an appropriate diet. Hepatitis patients should avoid substances that irritate the liver, such as alcohol, drugs, and dietary supplements that cause liver damage. Hepatitis A infection usually resolves without the use of medications. Antiviral agents may be used to treat HBV and HCV infections; examples include lamivudine and ribavirin, which block viral replication, and interferon alpha, which both inhibits viral replication and enhances immune responses. Nonviral forms of hepatitis may be treated with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drugs. Hospitalization is not required for hepatitis unless other medical conditions or complications hamper recovery.

Nutritional Science

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The gastric pits produce each of the following EXCEPT

a) an inactive form of pepsin. b) hydrochloric acid. c) mucus. d) salivary amylase.

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When fluid accumulates in the abdominal cavity, the condition is referred to as _____

a. ascites b. fatty liver c. bloating d. enlarged spleen

Nutritional Science

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect of alcohol on body weight?

a. Alcohol yields no energy so it does not affect body weight. b. Alcohol is low in kcalories and has very little effect on body weight. c. Alcohol slows down the body's use of fat, causing more fat to be stored. d. Alcohol speeds up the body's metabolism and discourages the storage of body fat.

Nutritional Science

Which condition affecting infants is least indicative of the immaturity of the gastrointestinal tract?

a. colic b. gastroesophageal reflux (GER) c. unexplained diarrhea d. constipation e. urinary tract infection

Nutritional Science