Explain how the receptor potential produced in a photoreceptor by light generates action potentials within the retina
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Photoreceptors are partially depolarized and release glutamate in the dark. Light
hyperpolarizes the photoreceptor and reduces the release of glutamate. Photoreceptors synapse onto bipolar cells, which in turn synapse onto ganglion cells. Glutamate released from the photoreceptor inhibits the bipolar cell in the dark; an IPSP in the photoreceptor would thus produce less inhibition of the bipolar cell, and this would lead to more release of an excitatory transmitter onto the ganglion cell, producing action potentials in these cells.
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According to the estimates on the prevalence of abuse of women,
a. in comparison to women in the United States, women in Canada are much more likely to be beaten by their husbands. b. according to most estimates, fewer than 8% of women in North America will experience abuse during their lifetime. c. between about 30% and 55% of women who are seen in hospital emergency facilities in the United States have physical injuries associated with domestic violence. d. partner abuse is primarily confined to North America.
Refusing to recognize some anxiety-provoking event or information is the Freudian defense mechanism called:
A. denial B. sublimation C. rationalization D. displacement
In the context of organization in long-term memory, a(n)__________is an arrangement of items into groups or classes according to common or distinct features
A) chunk B) hierarchy C) echelon D) icon E) Select
Carly has been having flashbacks, reexperiencing a "bad trip" she had two months ago. At that time she wound up in the hospital because she was having terrifying hallucinations. The drug Carly was using at that time must have been ____
a. phencyclidine b. LSD c. heroin d. crack