The nurse is caring for an older client and understands that renal failure will also place this client at risk for which of the following?
1. Loss of appetite related to elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels
2. The result of renal dialysis
3. Loss of blood through the urine because the failing kidney does not function properly
4. Loss of the kidney hormone erythropoietin
4. Loss of the kidney hormone erythropoietin
Rationale:
The anemia associated with renal failure is related to the loss of erythropoietin, which is produced by the healthy kidney and stimulates bone marrow to produce red blood cells. The anemia is not directly related to anorexia or hemodialysis, although these factors may be somewhat associated with the anemia. Renal failure causes the loss of protein, not blood, through the urine.
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