List 10 health risks involved with untreated morbid obesity. What health risks does Mr. McKinley present with?
What will be an ideal response?
Risks with untreated morbid obesity include:
• Type 2 diabetes: 3? as prevalent among obese persons compared to those with normal weight
• Hypertension (high blood pressure): 3? more common in the obese
• Dyslipidemia (abnormal lipid profile, high cholesterol, low HDL, high LDL, high triglycerides)
• Gallstones: 6? greater risk for gallstones among persons who are obese
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: central adiposity is a risk factor for NAFLD
• Cancer:
• Men are at an increased risk for esophageal, colon, rectum, pancreatic, liver, and prostate cancers
• Women are at an increased risk for gallbladder, bile duct, breast, endometrial, cervix, and ovarian cancers.
• Coronary heart disease
• Myocardial infarctions (heart attacks)
• Angina (chest pain)
• Sudden cardiac death
• Sleep apnea (inability to breathe while sleeping or lying down)
• Asthma
• Reproductive disorders:
• Men: gynecomastia (enlarged mammary glands in males), hypgonadism, reduced testosterone levels, and elevated estrogen levels
• Women: menstrual abnormalities, polycystic ovarian syndrome
• Metabolic syndrome
• Premature death: obese individuals have a 50-100% increased risk of premature death compared to healthy-weight individuals.
• Bone health: obesity can increase chances of osteoporosis or decreased bone mineral density
Health risks Mr. McKinley presents with:
• Osteoarthritis
• Type 2 diabetes
• Hyperlipidemia
• Hypertension
• Metabolic Syndrome (TG ? 150 mg/dL, HDL < 40 mg/dL, BP ? 130/85 mmHg; also highly likely that his FPG ? 100 mg/dL due to DM dx)
• Mr. McKinley has been obese his whole life, which puts him at an increased risk for type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and osteoarthritis.
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