List 10 health risks involved with untreated morbid obesity. What health risks does Mr. McKinley present with?
What will be an ideal response?
Risks with untreated morbid obesity include:
• Type 2 diabetes: 3? as prevalent among obese persons compared to those with normal weight
• Hypertension (high blood pressure): 3? more common in the obese
• Dyslipidemia (abnormal lipid profile, high cholesterol, low HDL, high LDL, high triglycerides)
• Gallstones: 6? greater risk for gallstones among persons who are obese
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: central adiposity is a risk factor for NAFLD
• Cancer:
• Men are at an increased risk for esophageal, colon, rectum, pancreatic, liver, and prostate cancers
• Women are at an increased risk for gallbladder, bile duct, breast, endometrial, cervix, and ovarian cancers.
• Coronary heart disease
• Myocardial infarctions (heart attacks)
• Angina (chest pain)
• Sudden cardiac death
• Sleep apnea (inability to breathe while sleeping or lying down)
• Asthma
• Reproductive disorders:
• Men: gynecomastia (enlarged mammary glands in males), hypgonadism, reduced testosterone levels, and elevated estrogen levels
• Women: menstrual abnormalities, polycystic ovarian syndrome
• Metabolic syndrome
• Premature death: obese individuals have a 50-100% increased risk of premature death compared to healthy-weight individuals.
• Bone health: obesity can increase chances of osteoporosis or decreased bone mineral density
Health risks Mr. McKinley presents with:
• Osteoarthritis
• Type 2 diabetes
• Hyperlipidemia
• Hypertension
• Metabolic Syndrome (TG ? 150 mg/dL, HDL < 40 mg/dL, BP ? 130/85 mmHg; also highly likely that his FPG ? 100 mg/dL due to DM dx)
• Mr. McKinley has been obese his whole life, which puts him at an increased risk for type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and osteoarthritis.
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Jane Smith (and her husband) sought medical care for persistent nausea and vomiting throughout the day. Following a pregnancy test and medical examination, the doctor determined that she was in the 5th week of pregnancy. Following this report, Jane's husband remarked, "You will have to stop eating potato chips and eat more healthy foods.". What is the best response the doctor could make?
a. "I agree—it is important to eat high-fiber foods.". b. "I agree—drink lots of water with meals.". c. "I recommend that you continue to eat foods that you can tolerate and that will help you gain weight.". d. "I suggest you eat a very small amount of chips to reduce your salt intake and prevent high blood pressure problems.".
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