According to John Watkins Jr., attorney and criminal justice professor, three central elements must be proven to establish liability on the part of parole and probation officials. Which of the following is NOT one of those elements?
A. the existence of a legal duty owed the public
B. evidence of a breach to friends and family of the parolee or probationer
C. an injury or damage to a person or group proximately caused by the breach of duty
D. evidence of a breach of the required standard of duty
Answer: B
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