Compare and contrast the Darwin-Wallace mechanisms of natural selection and evolution with
Lamarck’s theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics. Explain how both of these concepts
might apply to the development of long necks in giraffes. What will be an ideal response?
In the case of Darwin-Wallace’s ideas: In the population of ancestral giraffes there was some
natural variation; some of the animals had longer necks than others. Those with longer necks
could reach higher into trees and eat leaves that their competitors couldn’t reach. These longernecked
animals were more successful, so they survived and reproduced. Finally, after many
generations, the animals looked like modern giraffes.
In the case of Lamarck’s ideas: During periods of drought, ancestral giraffes had to reach higher
in the trees for nourishment. This activity stretched the giraffes’ necks and they passed this
acquired characteristic directly to their progeny.
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Biodiversity is believed to be greatest when a habitat experiences
A) regular disturbances that are not too extreme. B) no disturbances. C) occasional large disturbances. D) either A or B
Which of the following removes larger particles from sewage by screening or settling?
A. primary sewage treatment B. tertiary sewage treatment C. activated sludge sewage treatment D. secondary sewage treatment
At the start of the Triassic, most of the continents were above sea level, and sediments from that time are often red because ________
A) the dry climate baked clays to form hornfels B) there are extensive dune fields C) they contain extensive deposits of iron ore D) they include iron oxides E) they are a major source of uranium and red quartz
This large volcanic eruption generated so much sulfur dioxide that global temperatures cooled by about 0.5°C for two years following the event.
A. Mount Pinatubo B. Mount St. Helens C. Mount Tambora