A child has a large ventricular septal defect (VSD) with left-to-right shunting. Which information about VSDs does the faculty member explain to the nursing student? (Select all that apply.)
A.
The child will have obvious cyanosis.
B.
A harsh, pansystolic murmur is heard.
C.
This is the most common congenital heart defect.
D.
Some VSDs can close spontaneously.
E.
Transcatheter closure is common.
ANS: B, C, D
A VSD is the most common congenital heart defect and is one of the mildest forms. The murmur of a VSD is harsh, pansystolic, and heard best at the lower left sternal border. Some VSDs can close spontaneously; those that need invasive closure must be surgically repaired. Presently, transcatheter closure is not available.
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