Which action is most difficult to classify as classical or instrumental conditioning?
A. Pressing a lever to get food
B. Pressing a lever to escape shock
C. Salivating after a sound previously paired with food
D. Song learning by male birds
Answer: D
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William James suggested that consciousness should be examined depending on the purposes served by mental processes, as suggested by _____, rather than trying to break it down into specific elements, as suggested by _____.
A) functionalism; structuralism B) functionalism; natural selection C) structuralism; functionalism D) structuralism; empiricism
Standardized tests of intelligence are based on the assumption that
a. IQ scores are normally distributed in the population. b. most individuals differ from the mean score by fifteen points. c. IQ scores are an accurate measure of intelligence. d. the standard deviation of IQ scores is one hundred.
________ is the consistent, unbroken tracking by the eyes that serves to maintain focus on a moving visual target
a. Visual accommodation c. Smooth visual pursuit b. Vergence d. Visual acuity
A researcher who is interested in determining an individual's working memory span is likely to ask the participant to memorize a very long list of items and then test recognition of those items over a series of trials
a. true b. false