While undergoing annual breast exam assessing for any manifestations of breast cancer, the nurse will discuss which of the following factors that place the client at high risk for cancer? Select all that apply

Question

A) Late menopause
B) First child born when she was 40 years old
C) History of STIs and frequent vaginitis
D) Multiple pregnancies
E) Currently smokes approximately 2 packs/day of cigarettes

Answer 1

Ans: A, B, E
Feedback:
Risk factors for breast cancer include sex, increasing age, personal or family history of breast cancer (i.e., at highest risk are those with multiple affected first-order relatives), history of benign breast disease (i.e., primary "atypical" hyperplasia), and hormonal influences that promote breast maturation and may increase the chance of cell mutation (i.e., early menarche, late menopause, and no term pregnancies or first child after 30 years of age). Modifiable risk factors include obesity (particularly after menopause), physical inactivity, caffeine—moderate to heavy consumption—cigarette smoking, and long-term use of postmenopausal hormone therapy. Women with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) may have high-risk behaviors that can increase their chances of having reproductive organ and possible oral or nipple infection, rather than breast tumors.