A researcher has studied a group of patients who have a rare terminal type of cancer, and has found that they all were regular cranberry juice drinkers. He concluded that drinking cranberry juice led to the development of the rare cancer. In this case, the researcher has most likely made an error in judgment due to
a. bidirectional influences.
b. the availability heuristic.
c. cohort effects.
d. the post hoc fallacy.
Answer: d. the post hoc fallacy.
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The tendency for the presence of other people to increase performance on easy tasks and impair performance on difficult tasks is known as
a. social loafing. b. social facilitation. c. group polarization. d. groupthink.
Forebrain is to ____ as hindbrain is to ____
a. alertness and attention; language, thought, and memory b. serotonin; dopamine c. higher mental functions; functions like sleep, heart rate, and respiration d. visual and spatial abilities; emotions and motivation
We can draw conclusions about a larger group of people by randomly selecting a smaller group known as the
a. natural clinical trial. b. representative sample. c. population. d. balanced-based segment.
A girl imagines that an unknown boy shown on TV will feel lonely and sorry because he just lost both parents during a terrorist attack. The girl experiences
a. sympathetic empathic arousal. b. inhibitory control. c. passive victimization. d. self-oriented distress.