The voltage waveform shown in Figure P4.10 is piecewise linear and continuous. Assume the voltage is across a 100-?F capacitor. Determine the current iC (t) through the capacitor. Explain the concept of current through a capacitor even when the space between the capacitor plates is a perfect insulator. How is current through a capacitor different from leakage current?
Analysis:
Since the voltage waveform is piecewise continuous, the derivative must be evaluated over each continuous segment.
A capacitor is fabricated from two conducting plates separated by a dielectric constant. Dielectrics are also insulators; therefore, current cannot really flow through a capacitor. Positive charge, however, entering one plate exerts a repulsive force on and forces positive carriers to exit the other plate. Current then appears to flow through the capacitor. Such currents are called electric displacement currents. Some dielectrics however do allow very minute amounts of current to flow directly through them. These currents are known as leakage currents.
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