Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. The membrane attack complex is involved in specific immune defense mechanisms.
2. The three major types of pathogens are bacteria, viruses, and cancer.
3. Helper T cells activate both B cells and cytotoxic T cells.
4. The first stage of a specific immune response is the activation of B cells and T cells.
5. Hypermutation refers to the process by which immunoglobulin gene domains recombine to form a diverse array of antibodies.
1. FALSE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. FALSE
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The most frequent way in which regulatory RNA molecules exert their effects is by
A) base pairing with other RNA molecules that have regions of complementary sequence. B) binding to a repressor and repressing enzyme transcription. C) acting as an inducer that then binds to an activator protein to allow transcription to proceed. D) signal transduction.
Indwelling catheter biofilm infections are more resistant to antibiotics than nonbiofilm infections.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
What area of the body will contain the smallest population of microorganisms?
a. Anal opening b. Fingertips c. Mouth d. Nose e. Eyes
Which of the following is a false statement about plant secondary metabolites?
A. Some of them can cross the placenta during pregnancy. B. They are too unpredictable to use in pharmaceutical research. C. Some can be used to treat human diseases. D. The activity of certain medicines is due to secondary metabolites. E. Some can be poisonous to humans.