Along with gas exchange and nutrient transfer, the placenta produces many hormones necessary for normal pregnancy. These include (select all that apply)
a. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
b. Insulin
c. Estrogen
d. Progesterone
e. Testosterone
ANS: A, C, D
hCG causes the corpus luteum to persist and produce the necessary estrogens and progesterone for the first 6 to 8 weeks. Estrogens cause enlargement of the woman's uterus and breasts; cause growth of the ductal system in the breasts; and, as term approaches, play a role in the initiation of labor. Progesterone causes the endometrium to change, providing early nourishment. Progesterone also protects against spontaneous abortion by suppressing maternal reactions to fetal antigens and reduces unnecessary uterine contractions. Other hormones produced by the placenta include hCT, hCA, and numerous growth factors. Human placental lactogen promotes normal nutrition and growth of the fetus and maternal breast development for lactation. This hormone decreases maternal insulin sensitivity and utilization of glucose, making more glucose available for fetal growth. If a Y chromosome is present in the male fetus, hCG causes the fetal testes to secrete testosterone necessary for the normal development of male reproductive structures.
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When the nurse discovers a reddened area over a patient's hip, the first intervention should be to:
a. cover the area with an occlusive dressing. b. apply mild ointment with a cotton-tipped applicator. c. press the area gently to assess for blanching. d. rub gently to increase circulation.
A 74-year-old woman has presented to the emergency department with a suspected hip fracture following a fall on the sidewalk outside her home
The nurse's assessment of the client would recognize which of the following factors as most likely contributed to the suspected injury? A) Bone remodeling in long bones ceases in the seventh or eighth decade. B) Bone minerals and mass are reduced as part of the aging process. C) Bone marrow production of cellular components declines with age. D) Thinning disks and shortened vertebrae are common assessment findings in older adults.
The perinatal nurse is providing care to Carol, a 28-year-old multiparous woman in labor. Upon arrival to the birthing suite, Carol was 5 cm. dilated and experiencing contractions every 1–2 minutes that she describes as "strong"
Carol states she labored for one hour at home. As the nurse assists Carol from the assessment area to her labor and birth room, Carol states that she is feeling some rectal pressure. Carol is most likely experiencing: A) Hypertonic contractions B) Hypotonic contractions C) Precipitate labor D) Uterine hyperstimulation
An order is received for 80 g of 0.3% triamcinolone cream. The pharmacy has on hand 0.1% and 0.5% triamcinolone creams. How much of each of these stock products is needed to prepare the ordered medication?
A. 40 g of the 0.1% cream and 40 g of the 0.5% cream B. 10 g of the 0.1% cream and 30 g of the 0.5% cream C. 15 g of the 0.1% cream and 45 g of the 0.5% cream D. 30 g of the 0.1% cream and 50 g of the 0.5% cream