A patient states that aspirin upsets her stomach. This is known as a(n):
a. allergic response.
b. toxic effect.
c. idiosyncratic reaction.
d. side effect.
D
A side effect is a predictable and often unavoidable secondary effect produced at a usual therapeutic dose. Toxic effects are capable of causing injury or death. They often develop after prolonged intake of a medication or when a medication accumulates in the blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion. Some medications cause unpredictable effects, such as idiosyncratic reactions, in which a patient overreacts or underreacts to a medication or has a reaction different from what is expected. Sudden constriction of bronchiolar muscles, edema of the pharynx and larynx, and severe wheezing and shortness of breath all characterize severe or anaphylactic reactions.
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