In a group setting, divide into two groups and compare and contrast accelerated hypertension and malignant hypertension
a. Are they developed from primary or secondary hypertension?
b. What is the etiology of both of them?
c. What are the treatments for both malignant and accelerated hypertension?
d. What are the clinical signs and symptoms and manifestations?
e. What are the diagnostic studies for both hypertensions?
Students' answers should include the following:
a. Both occur from secondary hypertension.
Accelerated hypertension comes from markedly elevated blood pressure accompanying hemorrhages and eye exudates.
Malignant hypertension is accompanied by papilledema and is also markedly elevated blood pressure.
b. Etiology of accelerated and malignant hypertension both occur from undiagnosed hypertension in noncompliant clients who fail to take their medication and/or follow-up on medical care.
Accelerated has an abrupt onset; if untreated, have complicated and severe symptoms with rapid onset.
Malignant hypertension is usually fatal unless blood pressure is immediately reduced.
c. Treatments for both include hypertensive emergency treatment of potent IV drugs to reduce blood pressure such as labetalol, nitroglycerin, and nitroprusside along with oxygen and other antihypertensive drugs.
d. Clinical manifestations or signs and symptoms include blood pressure of 160/100 mm Hg or higher, bulging optic disc with brain swelling; severe back pain accompanied by hypotension may indicate an aneurysm, which has burst.
e. Diagnostic findings include abnormalities on CT scans, MRIs, and PET scans.
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