An elderly client tells the nurse that as he gets older, he is experiencing more frequent episodes of constipation. What physiological changes of aging predispose elderly clients to constipation?
a. Loss of smooth-muscle tone of the colon
b. Decreased control of the anal sphincter muscles
c. Inhibition of the defecation reflex
d. Inability to absorb fluid in the intestinal tract
ANS: A
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Which of the following best describes the risk for violence among females in the United States today?
a. One of top five causes of death from age 1 to 44 years b. One of top 10 causes of death, especially among girls aged 1 to 4 years c. One of the top 10 causes of death, especially among women aged 15 to 24 years d. One of the top 10 causes of death, especially among vulnerable elderly
Which of the following observations of a female client in a sleep lab would indicate the clinicians that she is in REM sleep?
A) Rolling eye movements are observed, and she has moderate muscle activity. B) Her motor movements are suppressed, and muscle tone is flaccid. C) Delta waves are evident on her EEG, and the heart and respiration rates are slowed. D) She has a low level of cerebral activity, and her EEG indicates low voltage and mixed frequencies.
The client receives cyclosporine (Neoral). The nurse completes medication education and evaluates that learning has occurred when the client makes which statement?
1. "I must check my blood pressure; it can run low with this medication." 2. "I cannot have grapefruit while I am on this medication." 3. "Mealtimes will have no effect on when I take this medication." 4. "I might have an increased urine output with this medication."
The model of consultation that is likely to be effective when problems are simple and the client needs specific expert information is the:
1. Doctor-patient model 2. Process model 3. Purchase of expertise model 4. Content model