The textbook lists all of the following as problems with the concept of hardiness EXCEPT
a. It could be that the three components of hardiness – control, commitment, and challenge – could be separate components rather than aspects of a single personality type.
b. It could be that hardiness is not a unique concept, but that it overlaps with other concepts such as dispositional optimism.
c. Hardiness could be a simple self-fulfilling prophecy. If an individual believes she or he will get sick less, then that may come to pass.
d. It looks like hardiness is related to lower levels of illness and distress, but we don’t know why. It could be due to a bias in how people fill out self-report questionnaires.
Answer: c: Hardiness could be a simple self-fulfilling prophecy. If an individual believes she or he will get sick less, then that may come to pass.
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Megumi is running an experiment on the impact of noise level on subsequent aggressive behavior. In one condition, participants experience a loud, annoying noise while trying to complete a task, and then are given a chance later to give another ostensible participant a noise blast, too. In the other condition, the participants do not experience the noise while trying to complete their task. After
the study has been conducted, Megumi realizes that the loud room was lit more brightly than the quiet room. This difference in the level of light is an example of a a. confound. b. control group. c. threat to external validity. d. subject variable.
Worldwide, the population increases by about ____ million people annually
a. 60 b. 70 c. 80 d. 90
The systematic hunting and killing of other members of the same species is found in
A. all mammals. B. animals that live socially, like dogs and humans. C. humans only. D. humans and chimpanzees.
The scientific study and application of psychology to the workplace is known as ________
a) work-related psychology b) behavioral psychology c) cognitive psychology d) industrial/organizational psychology