In their comprehensive study of language development in professional, working-class, and low-income families, Hart and Risley (1995) found that:
a. children from lower-income families have bigger expressive vocabularies IF their family speaks more than one language at home.
b. children with higher IQs had bigger vocabularies than children with lower IQs, regardless of family socioeconomic status.
c. the greatest predictor of a child's vocabulary at age 3 is the socioeconomic status of the child's family.
d. vocabulary growth is most strongly associated with exposure to adult language during the infant and toddler years.
D
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The federal program that has had a major influence on the development of community liv-ing for people with developmental disabilities is:
A. Medicaid B. Medicare C. Social Security Disability Insurance D. Vocational Rehabilitation
Self-efficacy can best be described as:
a. Your belief in your ability to successfully complete a task. b. Your understanding of the level of effort that you must make to learn what is expected of you. c. Your general intellectual level. d. Your knowledge of how you learn best.
Speech irregularities for young preschoolers that should not cause concern are:
a. articulation errors b. additions in words c. distortions of sounds d. "articulation errors," "additions in words," and "distortions of sounds" e. none of these answers is correct
A researcher studying the relationship between the number of hours students spend studying and their score on an exam calculates the following regression equation: Y? = 4.07 + .21(X). In this example, .21 refers to ______.
a. the Y-intercept b. the slope of the equation c. exam scores d. the number of hours spent studying