Discuss the beginning, growth, and spreading of cancer, with emphasis on angiogenesis and metastasis.
What will be an ideal response?
Cancer starts with the abnormal growth of one cell, which can then multiply into billions of cancerous cells. When a group of cells are precancerous or are just beginning to multiply, they are said to be "in situ," the Latin phrase for "in its place." Cancer at this stage remains encapsulated within the tissue where it developed. A tumor may go undetected for months or years without any significant growth. When it remains encapsulated, it does not pose a serious threat to human health. However, the tumor requires more oxygen and nutrients to grow.?In time, some cancer cells start producing chemicals that signal the body to start angiogenesis, or the growth of a new network of capillaries (blood vessels) that penetrate the tumor and help it grow. These capillaries deliver oxygen and nutrients and carry away waste products. During normal, healthy processes, angiogenesis is limited to a few infrequent functions such as the healing of wounds or the development of the fetus during pregnancy.?During cancer, angiogenesis is the precursor of metastasis. Through the new blood vessels formed by angiogenesis, cancerous cells now can break away from a malignant tumor and migrate to other parts of the body, where they can cause new cancer.
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1. spondilarthritis 2. tendonightis 3. arthrouplasty 4. electromyography 5. kraniotomy 6. carpull tunnel syndrome 7. epicondylitis 8. menisitis 9. excision 10. temporomandibular 11. aspiration 12. Archilly’s tendon 13. musculorskeletal 14. scoliosis 15. kiropractic
The underlying molecular basis for distinguishing blood-group antigens A, B and O is _____ at the erythrocyte surface
a. the presence or absence of fucose in glycolipids b. differences in the oligosaccharide attached to the lipid ceramide c. structural polymorphisms in the Rhesus D antigen d. the levels of MHC class I and class II molecules.
A signal of colon and rectal cancer is
A. high fever. B. headaches. C. cramping. D. rectal bleeding.
Today's undergraduates are the first generation of "digital natives," who have grown up in a ____.?
A) ?crowded world B) ?free society C) ?wired world D) ?peaceful society E) ?corporate world