According to Cesare Beccaria, punishment should be all of the following EXCEPT ______.

a. proportionate to the seriousness of the crime
b. based on retribution for the harm done to society
c. prompt and certain
d. painful to the offender


d. painful to the offender

Criminal Justice

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What is the estimated percentage of sworn police officers that comprise the patrol function?

A) 50 -70 B) 30-50 C) 10-20 D) 20-40

Criminal Justice

In college one interacts with people of

A. different races B. different religions C. different ethnic backgrounds D. all of the above

Criminal Justice

Which of the following statements best describes discretionary release?

A) An offender is released after being given a pardon by the governor. B) An offender is released prior to the expiration of his sentence because release is required by statute. C) An offender is released on parole with supervision prior to the expiration of his sentence. D) An offender is released without conditions or supervision because his sentence has expired.

Criminal Justice

Status offenders frequently come from single-parent homes and often engage in verbal and physical abuse directed toward the parent(s)

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

Criminal Justice