A client has visited the health care provider following several days of nausea/vomiting and abdominal pain. The provider thinks the client may have Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection
As part of the education provided, the client should be informed that which of the following complications can occur if this infection is not eradicated? Select all that apply.
A) GI bleeding due to peptic ulcer formation
B) Failure to thrive due to malabsorption
C) Pyloric stenosis due to inability to empty the stomach
D) Gastric cancer due to metaplasia changes in the cells
Ans: A, D
Feedback:
Most cases of peptic ulcer are caused by H. pylori, which are a small, curved, gram-negative rods that can colonize the mucus-secreting epithelial cells of the stomach; these bacteria secrete urease, which enables them to produce ammonia to buffer the acidity of their immediate environment. H. pylori is nonerosive and produces enzymes and toxins that have the capacity to interfere with mucosal protection against gastric acid, produce intense inflammation, and elicit an immune response. Chronic infection with H. pylori can lead to gastric atrophy and peptic ulcer and is associated with increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma and low-grade B-cell gastric lymphoma. The characteristic pain is relieved by food or antacids. Ischemia is a cause of stress ulcers, which is manifested by painless upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding.
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