The officer tells a driver, stopped for a lawful traffic violation, that if he wants to he can attempt to repair a brake light to avoid a ticket. The driver opens the trunk and attempts a quick repair but in so doing exposes an illegal weapon in the trunk. The officer seizes the weapon and arrests the driver. At the suppression hearing, the court is likely to find that the search was

A) invalid because the driver failed to give affirmative consent to opening the trunk.
B) invalid because the officer failed to warn the driver that he did not have to open the trunk.
C) valid because the driver's actions indicate voluntariness.
D) valid because the driver was not under arrest.


Ans: C) valid because the driver's actions indicate voluntariness.

Criminal Justice

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In the California case of People v. Humphrey, the court ruled that:

a. Evidence of spousal battering may not be entered as a defense. b. Evidence of spousal battering may be entered as a defense. c. Evidence of spousal battering may only be entered as a defense for women. d. Evidence of spousal battering may only be entered as a defense if the batterer is a man.

Criminal Justice

Syndrome and disorder-based defenses, such as PMS, PMT, battered woman, and post-traumatic stress, are most similar to what other defense?

A) Self-defense. B) Intoxication. C) Diminished responsibility. D) Insanity.

Criminal Justice

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. What three zones did Burgess state were of less importance in terms of distinction?

a. Zone I b. Zone II c. Zone III d. Zone IV e. Zone V

Criminal Justice

According to the theory of differential association, people learn to commit crime from exposure to antisocial definitions

a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Criminal Justice