What is the difference between moderating variables and mediating variables? Provide an example of each type of variable (they may be fictional).
What will be an ideal response?
Varies. Moderating variables act to influence the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, whereas mediating variables act as a link between the independent and dependent variables.
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Which of the following best describes the causes of agoraphobia?
a. It is purely genetic. b. It is purely due to overprotective parenting. c. It is most likely to arise via positive reinforcement. d. It is most commonly due to a combination of genetic risk and authoritarian parenting.
Which ICF features draw most attention to adaptive behavior?
a. contextual factors b. disabilities c. activities and participation d. health conditions
Richard is a 37-year-old man, presenting in counseling for what he labels as stress. He is a first-year graduate student in a counseling program. Richard left his previous career because of a downfall in the economy resulting in the loss of his job 2 ½ years ago. Richard reports that he gets very sweaty, nauseous, and tense when coming to school for his once-a-week classes. He also reports that
his symptoms worsen when he has an assignment due, a presentation, or any type of quiz or exam. Richard has missed 1 class this semester due to his symptoms, and cannot afford to miss any more. Using a psychodynamic approach, choose the best example of an Initial Phase Counseling GOAL. a. Decrease emotional reactivity to perceived threats to self to reduce anxiety. b. Decrease client's attempts to avoid existential angst and responsibility to reduce anxiety. c. Increase empowerment and feelings of "mattering" to reduce anxiety. d. None of the above
Which of the following is not a characteristic of constructive goals?
A. They are specific. B. They important to the helper C. They are stated in the positive. D. They are simple and observable.