Which statement is not true about cardiopulmonary disease in older adults?
a. Falling and apparent confusion on the part of an elder can be signs of heart failure or of pneumonia.
b. Chest radiographs are a reliable indicator of whether pneumonia is present in an older patient.
c. Persons older than 65 years should receive Pneumovax once.
d. Mouth hygiene is essential to the prevention and treatment of pneumonia.
B
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A Incorrect. This statement is true. Falling and confusion are potential clinical in-dicators of heart failure, pneumonia, and many other conditions.
B Correct. This statement is not true. For a debilitated person at the beginning of the course of infection or in dehydration, the chest x-ray study is often falsely negative.
C Incorrect. This is a true statement. Pneumovax is a 1-time vaccine against the pneumococcus bacterium.
D Incorrect. This is a true statement. Bacteria from the mouth can migrate into the lower respiratory tract and cause infection.
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