The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is characterized by:
A) Increased osmolality level of 360 mOsm/kg
B) Excessive thirst with fluid intake of 7000 mL/day
C) Copious dilute urination with output of 5000 mL/day
D) Low serum sodium level of 122 mEq/L
Ans: D
Feedback:
SIADH results from a failure of the negative feedback system that regulates the release and inhibition of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH secretion continues even when serum osmolality is decreased, causing water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. Diabetes insipidus, deficiency or decreased response to ADH, is characterized by increased serum osmolality, excessive thirst, and polyuria. Urine output decreases in SIADH despite adequate or increased fluid intake.
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