Which statement on labeling theory is least applicable?
a. Labeling theory is based on the consensus model of crime on which earlier theories also were based.
b. Labeling theory questions about the origins of law, which sets labeling theory apart from other criminological theories that take for granted how laws come to exist.
c. Labeling theorists ask "What is defined as deviance?"
d. Labeling theorists ask "Who is defined as deviant?"
a. Labeling theory is based on the consensus model of crime on which earlier theories also were based.
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The phenomenon that occurs when the mere presence of a gun or other weapon stimulates violence is called
A) confirmation bias. B) stimulus provocation. C) weapons effect. D) iatrogenic focus.
A relatively constant theme in corrections over the past few centuries has been ______.
a. the importance of money in decision making b. separation of church and state c. a decreasing sense of compassion impacting reform decisions d. public apathy regarding the punishment of crimes
Which of the following is NOT a reason why intermediate sanctions are attractive?
A) They are easier to manage than traditional probation. B) They provide more opportunities for rehabilitation than incarceration. C) They lead to a decrease in the population of correctional facilities. D) They are cheaper and more cost-effective.
The most characteristic reaction when using cocaine is disorientation.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)