Which factor reduces social loafing?
a. When failure is possible if and only if loafing occurs.
b. When people believe their performance will not be evaluated.
c. When the task is not important.
d. When the group is not valued by its individual members.
A
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On a fixed-interval schedule, reinforcement is given __________.
A. after a set amount of time has passed B. after randomly varying amounts of time have passed C. after a set number of responses have been made D. after a varying number of responses have been made
Many involuntary, autonomic system responses ("fight-or-flight" reflexes) are linked with new stimuli and situations by
a. operant extinction. b. classical conditioning. c. operant conditioning. d. instrumental acquisition.
Hallucinations are false or irrational beliefs that are maintained despite clear evidence to the contrary
a. true b. false
Behavior that is oriented toward others for the sake of helping them, without expecting a reward, is called ______.
A. empathy B. sympathy C. prosocial behavior D. social reciprocity