The presence of which pair of factors is a good predictor of a fluid deficit of at least 5% in an infant?
a. Weight loss and decreased heart rate
b. Capillary refill of less than 2 seconds and no tears
c. Increased skin elasticity and sunken anterior fontanel
d. Dry mucous membranes and generally ill appearance
ANS: D
A good predictor of a fluid deficit of at least 5% is any two four factors: capillary refill of more than 2 seconds, absent tears, dry mucous membranes, and ill general appearance. Weight loss is associated with fluid deficit, but the degree needs to be quantified. Heart rate is usually elevated. Skin elasticity is decreased, not increased. The anterior fontanel is depressed.
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