Which of the following is not one of Kauffman’s (1988) five types of guard attitudes?

a. Polyannas
b. Black hats
c. Hard asses
d. Burnouts


b. Black hats

Criminal Justice

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Why was there resistance to early expert testimony from psychiatrists on battered women's syndrome?

What will be an ideal response?

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What can a researcher do to improve the external validity of a true experiment?

What will be an ideal response?

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Steve is a victims' advocate who offers financial assistance to crime victims. Considering the shift in attitude of victims' groups, Steve is more likely to ______.

A. support capital punishment B. oppose reconciliation programs C. promote restorative justice D. push for harsh crime penalties

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Which of the following has NOT been a major source of negative attitudes toward immigration among the U.S. public?

A. War B. Race C. Economics D. Stereotypes

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