How should the nurse instruct an older patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) about heartburn?
1. It improves when lying flat or bending over.
2. It is unaffected by the size of meals eaten or the types of food.
3. It will not put the older patient at increased risk for esophageal cancer.
4. It may cause severe chest pain that causes the patient to fear a heart attack.
4
Rationale: Heartburn will become worse when lying flat or bending over.
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What does the student learn regarding the role of the endothelium in clot formation?
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