A nurse assesses an edematous cardiac patient. The nurse is aware that this condition is a result of retained fluid. What is the patient considered to be?
a. Hyponatremic
b. Hypokalemic
c. Hypernatremic
d. Hypercalcemic
ANS: C
Hypernatremia is a greater-than-normal concentration of sodium, which leads to retained fluids and edema.
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