Deterrence refers to which of the following forces that keep crime in check?
a. Moral commitment
b. Threat of legal punishment
c. Social disapproval
d. All of the above
Answer: d
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Which focal concern involves the ability to con or outsmart others?
a. Excitement b. Toughness c. Autonomy d. Smartness
_______________ offenders are believed to begin offending due to social mimicry in an attempt to achieve status and power
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Restorative justice is:
a. A three-pronged system of justice.
b. An adversarial approach to settling disputes.
c. Punitive in nature.
d. None of the above
When parents are alienated from their children, their negative labeling reduces their children's self-image and increases delinquency. This is known as:
a. reflected appraisals. b. reflective role-taking. c. stigma. d. primary deviance.