The nurse is assisting in the care of a client being discharged on phenytoin (Dilantin), 100 mg 3 times daily, for seizure control

Question

When providing client teaching about this medication, the nurse should be sure to include which of the following points? Select all that apply. 1. Break the capsules so they are easier to swallow.
2. Use a soft toothbrush while taking this medication.
3. If a dose is missed, just wait until the next one is due.
4. Alcohol should be avoided while taking this medication.
5. The medication may turn the client's urine pink, red, or brown.
6. Sore throat is a common side effect of the medication and is nothing to worry about.

Answer 1

2, 4, 5

Rationale: Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant that can cause gingival hyperplasia, as well as bleeding, swelling, and tenderness of the gums. The client should use good oral hygiene, gum massage, and have regular dental checkups. Alcohol interferes with the absorption of phenytoin, so it should be avoided. Change in the color of the urine is a normal reaction. A sore throat, fever, glandular swelling, or any skin reaction indicates hematological toxicity and needs to be reported.