About 10 to 15% of African Americans are carriers of an autosomal recessive genetic disorder in which a defective version of hemoglobin is produced. What is the name of this disorder?

a. phenylketonuria
b. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
c. sickle cell anemia
d. achondroplasia


Answer: c. sickle cell anemia

Biology & Microbiology

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A __________ is a chemical messenger that binds to receptors on a cell and brings about

metabolic, physiological, or behavioral responses in the organism.

a. hormone b. enzyme c. nucleus d. growth factor

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A gene mutation

a. is a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. b. may be caused by environmental agents. c. may arise spontaneously. d. can occur in all organisms. e. all of these

Biology & Microbiology

Which of these would have been most likely to develop only after the formation of a true cell?

A. autotroph B. heterotroph C. protocell D. microsphere E. proteinoid

Biology & Microbiology

Which of the following statements about mRNA half-life is false?

(a) The half-life of mRNAs produced from different genes will vary more than the half-life of mRNAs produced from the same gene. (b) The half-life of most eukaryotic-cell mRNAs is >24 hours. (c) The half-life of most bacterial mRNAs is shorter than the half-life of a typical eukaryotic mRNA. (d) The 5? and 3? untranslated regions of an mRNA often contain specific sequences that determine the lifetime of the mRNA molecule.

Biology & Microbiology