About 10 to 15% of African Americans are carriers of an autosomal recessive genetic disorder in which a defective version of hemoglobin is produced. What is the name of this disorder?
a. phenylketonuria
b. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
c. sickle cell anemia
d. achondroplasia
Answer: c. sickle cell anemia
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A __________ is a chemical messenger that binds to receptors on a cell and brings about
metabolic, physiological, or behavioral responses in the organism.
a. hormone b. enzyme c. nucleus d. growth factor
A gene mutation
a. is a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. b. may be caused by environmental agents. c. may arise spontaneously. d. can occur in all organisms. e. all of these
Which of these would have been most likely to develop only after the formation of a true cell?
A. autotroph B. heterotroph C. protocell D. microsphere E. proteinoid
Which of the following statements about mRNA half-life is false?
(a) The half-life of mRNAs produced from different genes will vary more than the half-life of mRNAs produced from the same gene. (b) The half-life of most eukaryotic-cell mRNAs is >24 hours. (c) The half-life of most bacterial mRNAs is shorter than the half-life of a typical eukaryotic mRNA. (d) The 5? and 3? untranslated regions of an mRNA often contain specific sequences that determine the lifetime of the mRNA molecule.