The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism who asks the nurse why parathyroid hormone (PTH) is important. The nurse explains that PTH performs what actions in the body? (Select all that apply.)
A) Stimulation of osteoclasts
B) Increased intestinal absorption of calcium
C) Stimulation of calcitriol production
D) Increased excretion of calcium from kidneys
E) Decreased retention of vitamin D
A, B, C
Feedback:
PTH has many actions, including stimulation of osteoclasts or bone cells to release calcium from the bone, increased intestinal absorption of calcium, increased calcium reabsorption from the kidneys, and stimulation of cells in the kidney to produce calcitriol. PTH increases absorption of calcium from the kidney and increases retention of vitamin D.
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A client has a possible connective tissue disease and the nurse is reviewing the client's laboratory values. Which laboratory values and their related connective tissue diseases (CTDs) are correctly matched? (Select all that apply.)
a. Elevated antinuclear antibody (ANA) - Normal value; no connective tissue disease b. Elevated sedimentation rate - Rheumatoid arthritis c. Lowered albumin - Indicative only of nutritional deficit d. Positive human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) - Reiter's syndrome or ankylosing spondylitis e. Positive rheumatoid factor - Possible kidney disease
The nurse explains the action of a beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor as inhibiting what?
A) An enzyme that controls the final step in production of cellular cholesterol B) An enzyme used immediately for energy C) An enzyme that combines with proteins to become chylomicrons D) An enzyme used to make bile acids
Calf pain that increases on dorsiflexion of the foot is referred to as a positive Homans' sign
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Compared to a 16-gauge catheter, a 22-gauge catheter would be more appropriate for an elderly patient because:
A. it reduces the risk of fluid extravasation. B. the risk of catheter shear is much lower. C. larger fluid volumes can be administered. D. it more easily penetrates their tough skin.