Which of the following is most likely to indicate pathological changes of the respiratory system rather than changes resulting from the aging process?
a. barrel chest c. diminished cough reflex
b. pursed-lip breathing d. loss of alveolar gas exchange
B
Pursed-lip breathing is performed by patients who need to prolong the expiration phase of the respiratory cycle. This type of breathing is performed by patients with COPD. It is the patient's innate mechanism to apply positive-pressure breathing to prevent total alveolar collapse with every breath. Barrel chest, diminished cough reflex, and loss of alveolar gas exchange are changes resulting from the aging process.
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