Which of the following procedures can be used to help ensure standardization of conditions?
a. Automated experiments and the experimental script
b. Manipulation checks and confound checks
c. Experimental realism and mundane realism
d. Internal validation and external validation
a
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Riva is so terrified of flying that watching an airplane take off or land in a movie can cause her to become anxious. Her behavioral therapist has been working on helping her overcome this fear by having Riva work through an anxiety hierarchy while she maintains a state of deep relaxation. In this case, the therapist is using:
a. aversion therapy to help Riva overcome her fear of flying b. a token economy to help Riva overcome her fear of flying c. systematic desensitization to help Riva overcome her fear of flying d. negative reinforcement to help Riva overcome her fear of flying
When their trip home was interrupted by car trouble, Sam got very upset even though they had no reason to hurry and the repairs were covered by a warranty. Trudy said, "This isn't so bad. We can relax by the pool and the car will be better than before.". Trudy experienced less stress because:
a. she had good social support b. she has an internal, global, and stable attributional style c. she used autogenic relaxation d. she used cognitive reappraisal
Any action that is intended to benefit other people, such as sharing with someone less fortunate, comforting or rescuing someone, cooperating, or simply making others feel good by complimenting them, is known as
a. altruism. b. prosocial behavior. c. prosocial moral reasoning. d. empathy.
When a test yields significantly different validity coefficients for different subgroups, we say it has
a. single-group validity. b. differential validity. c. discriminant validity. d. non-group validity.