A male patient presents to your office and you obtain a sexual history. Why would you consider performing an anal Pap smear?
a. He is heterosexual and always uses condoms.
b. He is not HIV infected but engages in oral intercourse.
c. He has a history of perianal condylomas.
d. He is not HIV infected and has had three female partners in the past year.
C
Non-HIV-infected men who participate in receptive anal intercourse or have a history of perianal or intra-anal condylomas are at risk for premalignant cytologic changes in the anal epithelium which can lead to anal cancer. Oral intercourse is not related to anal cancer. Others at risk include HIV-infected men with any history of receptive anal intercourse; HIV-infected men with a history of injection drug use who might benefit from aggressive treatment; and any recipient of allograft transplantation. Therefore, options "a," "b," and "d" are not at-risk situations.
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The nurse recognizes which of these persons is at greatest risk for undernutrition?
a. 5-month-old infant b. 50-year-old woman c. 20-year-old college student d. 30-year-old hospital administrator
A new graduate nurse is working in a busy emergency department of a hospital, situated in a culturally diverse area of the city. In striving to be culturally sensitive, the nurse will:
1. Try to learn about the attitudes toward health care and traditions of the different cultures in that area. 2. Understand and attend to the total context of the client's situation, using knowledge, attitudes, and skills. 3. Possess the underlying background knowledge that will provide these clients with the best possible health care. 4. Continuously strive to be culturally competent.
An older patient has fallen and suffered a hip fracture. As a consequence, the patient's family is concerned about the patient's ability to care for self, especially during this convalescence. What should the nurse do?
a. Stress that older patients usually ask for help when needed. b. Inform the family that placement in a nursing center is a permanent solution. c. Tell the family to enroll the patient in a ceramics class to maintain quality of life. d. Provide information and answer questions as family members make choices among care options.
When reviewing information about mandatory staffing, which factor best reflects the current status?
A) Many of the states in the United States have moved toward imposing mandatory licensed staffing requirements. B) Texas has enacted legislation requiring mandatory staffing ratios affecting health care facilities. C) The average number of patients assigned to RNs has actually decreased, but are much sicker. D) Consumers have urged implementation of mandatory staffing ratios because nurses feel current staffing levels are adequate.