What type of hypothesis is the following? "Cancer patients who receive music therapy complain less frequently of pain and require less pain medication than cancer patients not receiving music therapy."
a. Complex, directional
b. Complex, null
c. Simple, associative
d. Simple, nondirectional
ANS: A
A complex hypothesis predicts the relationship among three or more variables. In this example, the variables are music therapy (independent), pain (dependent), and medication (dependent). A directional hypothesis states the nature of the interaction between two or more variables. In this example, the direction is indicated by the prediction "complain less frequently."
A complex hypothesis is correct, but the null hypothesis predicts no difference. A complex hypothesis predicts the relationship among three or more variables. In this example, the variables are music therapy (independent), pain (dependent), and medication (dependent). A directional hypothesis states the nature of the interaction between two or more variables. In this example, the direction is indicated by the prediction "complain less frequently."
This study has more than two variables (not simple) and is simply indicating an association. A complex hypothesis predicts the relationship among three or more variables. In this example, the variables are music therapy (independent), pain (dependent), and medication (dependent). A directional hypothesis states the nature of the interaction between two or more variables. In this example, the direction is indicated by the prediction "complain less frequently."
A simple hypothesis has only two variables (this study has more than two), and there is a direction predicted (fewer complaints of pain and need for less pain medication). A complex hypothesis predicts the relationship among three or more variables. In this example, the variables are music therapy (independent), pain (dependent), and medication (dependent). A directional hypothesis states the nature of the interaction between two or more variables. In this example, the direction is indicated by the prediction "complain less frequently."
You might also like to view...
Cultural beliefs are:
a. conscious or unconscious c. reality b. hereditary d. genetic
The student nurse is learning about the impact of biological, psychological, social, cultural, and spiritual domains on sexual development and dysfunctions
According to the attachment theory, which alternative form of attachment, linked to sexual identity, may occur if parental attachment is compromised? Select all that apply. 1. Preoccupied 2. Authoritarian 3. Fearful 4. Permissive 5. Dismissive
Multiple piercings up the penile shaft is known as which of the following?
a. Prince Albert c. dydoe b. frenum ladder d. ampallang
What should the nurse include in the teaching plan for parents of a child with diabetes insipidus who is receiving DDAVP?
a. Increase the dosage of DDAVP as the urine specific gravity (SG) increases. b. Give DDAVP only if urine output decreases. c. The child should have free access to water and toilet facilities at school. d. Cleanse skin before administering the transdermal patch.