Elaborate on the arguments for and against probation and parole officers carrying weapons.
What will be an ideal response?
Advocates of officers carrying firearms contend that as officers are expected to make more late-night home visits and be present out in the field, their time away from the office diminishes, as does their safety. Probation officers in specialized units who supervise gang members and violent offenders have been the most assertive. Officers favoring the carrying of firearms while on duty tended to be younger and more likely to practice law-and-order case management strategies rather than casework or treatment-oriented approaches (Sluder, Shearer, & Potts, 1991). Guns seem to satisfy a philosophical need for safety, independent of the actual perceived threat (Roscoe et al., 2007).Jurisdictions where probation is under the judicial branch have tended to oppose the carrying of firearms, contending that carrying firearms is a function under the executive branch of powers, and not appropriate for employees of the judicial branch. Those opposed to officers carrying a firearm question whether the threat to probation officers is real or perceived. Opponents argue that not every probation officer may need to carry a deadly weapon, especially if that officer supervises misdemeanants or juveniles. Furthermore, an officer's safety or life may be at greater risk if a probationer or parolee is carrying a weapon, because a greater chance exists that the offender may use a gun against an armed officer than an unarmed officer (Scharr, 2001). An early study found that probation officers who carried a firearm experienced more confrontation incidents than officers who did not carry a firearm. In addition, male probation officers were significantly more likely to be confronted and/or physically assaulted than female probation officers (Parsonage & Bushey, 1989). Since that study, officer confrontations have greatly decreased as officers pay more attention to safety issues by conducting home visits in pairs, wearing body armor, and training in self-defense techniques. Of the serious incidents that have occurred, over half occurred in the field, and only 28% occurred in the probation office. The three most common incidents were threats, animal attacks, and other situations defined as "dangerous" (Small & Torres, 2001).
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What will be an ideal response?
Which organization developed the most well-known and utilized model for training of death notifiers?
A. Mothers Against Drunk Driving B. Alcoholics Anonymous C. National Rifle Association D. International Critical Incident Stress Foundation
While most crime rates have declined, Chief Thomas notices that the arrest rates for illegal drug possession and use have increased. He especially notices an increase in the use of illegal psychoactive drugs. He wants to create some type of information pamphlet on illegal psychoactive drugs to distribute to schools and community centers. Which of the following would not be discussed in this
pamphlet on illegal psychoactive drugs? a. alcohol b. cocaine c. heroin d. marijuana
?Throughout most of our nation’s history, the three broad constitutional provisions dealing with trial by jury had little applicability in state courts. The U.S. Constitution applied only to trials in federal courts. These practices changed dramatically, however, when the Supreme Court decided Duncan v. Louisiana (1968), ruling that the jury provisions of the Sixth Amendment were incorporated by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to apply to state courts, as well. Subsequent decisions grappled with the problem of defining the precise meaning of the right to trial by jury. The most important issues concerned the scope of the right to a jury trial, the size of the jury, and unanimous versus nonunanimous verdicts. Stefanie is caught shoplifting at her local pharmacy.
Which of the following is most likely true?? a. she does not have a right to a jury trial b. ? she will have to testify if her case goes to trial c. ? she has a right to a jury trial d. her jury trial must have 9 members