Muscle spindles are ________ receptors and cause reflex ________, whereas Golgi tendon organs respond primarily to ________ and cause a ________ reflex.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
stretch, contraction, tension, relaxation (Golgi tendon organs are relatively insensitive to muscle stretch.)
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The term "retroperitoneal" may be used to describe the location of certain abdominal organs. This means that such organs are located
A. deep to the visceral peritoneum. B. between the visceral and parietal layers of the peritoneum. C. between folds of the parietal peritoneum. D. in the peritoneal cavity. E. posterior to the parietal peritoneum.
________ promotes water reabsorption at the kidneys and stimulates thirst
A) ADH B) Aldosterone C) Calcitonin D) Renin E) Natriuretic peptide
Universal precautions are
A) rules used to avoid mismatched blood types in transfusions. B) specific measures that health-care workers should take to prevent transmission of bloodborne pathogens in the workplace. C) the careful administration of clotting factors to stop bleeding during surgery. D) specific measures that astronauts take in space to avoid leaving microorganisms beyond the Earth.
Which of the following characterizes hypoparathyroidism?
a. Hypocalcemia b. Hypophosphatemia c. Reduced neuromuscular excitability d. All of the above e. None of the above