Describe the psychological effects of child sexual victimization
What will be an ideal response?
• Long-term negative effects over the life course are common, but not inevitable. Some victims retain normal functioning.
• In childhood, victims as young as in preschool may display behavioral problems in the classroom, depression, and isolation compared to non-abused children.
• Adult survivors of child sexual abuse report emotional problems such as chronic anxiety, substance abuse, depression, fears, and sleep problems. Diagnoses of PTSD are not uncommon.
• It is estimated that 1 in 5 victims of child sexual abuse never disclose their victimization.
• Young children may be more vulnerable to traumatic effects than older children.
• The greater the force used, the greater the psychological trauma.
• The closer the relationship between the victim and the abuser, the greater the trauma. This appears to be a function of the loss of trust toward the offender.
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A. actions B. values C. emotions D. feelings
Medical examiners help determine the time of death by studying the stomach contents. In general, it takes:
a. six to eight hours for the stomach to empty its contents into the small intestine and another twelve hours for the food to leave the small intestine. b. four to six hours for the stomach to empty its contents into the small intestine and another eighteen hours for the food to leave the small intestine. c. four to six hours for the stomach to empty its contents into the small intestine and another twelve hours for the food to leave the small intestine. d. None of these choices.
Which test asks whether defendants have reached a point where they've gotten control of everything they need to complete the crime?
a. the indispensable element test b. the dangerous proximity to success test c. the unequivocality test d. the probable desistance test
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a. split-force b. task force c. routine d. directed