The fact that we can only calculate probabilities for values of physical quantities in quantum measurements means that

a. radiation and matter are not described by mathematical relations between measurements.
b. the probabilities cannot be calculated from mathematical relationships.
c. the results of physical measurements bear no relationship to theory.
d. the average values of a large number of measurements correspond to the calculated probabilities.
e. the average of the values calculated in a large number of different theories corresponds to the results of a measurement.


d

Physics & Space Science

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