Along with gas exchange and nutrient transfer, the placenta produces many hormones necessary for normal pregnancy. These include which of the following? Select all that apply
a. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
b. Insulin
c. Estrogen
d. Progesterone
e. Testosterone
A, C, D
Correct: A, C, D. hCG causes the corpus luteum to persist and produce the necessary estro-gens and progesterone for the first 6 to 8 weeks. Estrogens cause enlargement of the woman's uterus and breasts; growth of the ductal system in the breasts; and, as term approaches, plays a role in the initiation of labor. Progesterone causes the endometrium to change, providing early nourishment. Progesterone also protects against spontaneous abortion by suppressing maternal reactions to fetal antigens and reduces unnecessary uterine contractions. Other hormones produced by the placenta include hCT, hCA, and a number of growth factors.
Incorrect: B, E. Human placental lactogen promotes normal nutrition and growth of the fe-tus and maternal breast development for lactation. This hormone decreases maternal insulin sensitivity and utilization of glucose, making more glucose available for fetal growth. If a Y chromosome is present in the male fetus, hCG causes the fetal testes to secrete testosterone necessary for the normal development of male reproductive structures.
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The nurse is caring for a patient with a stage II pressure ulcer and as the coordinator of care understands the need for a multidisciplinary approach. The nurse evaluates the need for several consults
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A nurse is considered an expert on her unit in starting an IV. She is mentoring a new nurse who is learning to start IVs
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