What role did urban machines play in late nineteenth-century American cities?
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
1. Urban machines existed to secure jobs for their loyal supporters and line the pockets of those at the highest levels of power.
2. They helped deliver city services, but inflated the cost to taxpayers with bribes and kickbacks.
3. Urban machines promoted and protected illegal services like prostitution and gambling.
4. Despite the outcry of reformers, local machine bosses gained favor among their constituents when they provided needed goods and services, especially among the poor.
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Describe the Americas on the eve of contact with European civilizations.
What will be an ideal response?
Prince Shotoku was a ruler of the Soga clan
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
After the conclusion of the Thirty Years' War in 1648, the Holy Roman Empire
A) became one of the most powerful and centralized monarchies in Europe under the domination of Spanish grandees. B) was not really an empire at all but rather a loose association of 300 German states. C) became divided into three great warring states: Prussia, Poland, and Silesia. D) was dominated by Brandenburg-Prussia, which suppressed the autonomy of all other imperial territories. E) was ruled by the Bourbons.
The Vietnam War
A) was resolved in 1975 with the Helsinki Agreements. B) ended in 1973 with the defeat of North Korea. C) showed the limitations of American power, leading to improved Soviet-American relations. D) marked the beginning of the total domination of Southeast Asia by the Soviet Union. E) led to an immediate end of the Cold War in 1975 with the final withdrawal of Americans from Vietnam.