What factors limited the ability of governments to affect the economic development of their countries in this period, even in cases where they succeeded in promoting growth?
What will be an ideal response?
A. Factors limiting governments: geography
1. Sub-Saharan Africa: isolation: desert in north and lee winds offshore impede communication; widely separated river basins; lack of navigable rivers near coasts; dense forests, malarial jungles
2. North and South America: Bounded by vast oceans—Atlantic and Pacific; most rivers flow east–west preventing north–south contacts; mountainous terrain
3. Japan: isolated geography; few navigable rivers; poor soil; earthquake prone
4. Pacific: vast and isolated region; few food crops, little cultivable soil on many islands
B. Factors limiting government: natural disasters
1. flooding, volcanoes, earthquakes, drought affected economic development and productivity
C. Factors limiting governments: access to natural resources and external trade
1. while finding ways to adapt to the geographical limitations, gaining access and establishing external trade routes were difficult
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