A patient is experiencing reduced afterload. The nurse realizes that causes of reduced afterload include: Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply
1. Sepsis
2. Mitral stenosis
3. Reduced circulating blood volume
4. Vasodilator medications
5. Myocarditis
1,4
Rationale 1: Sepsis causes vasodilation due to the release of endotoxins.
Rationale 2: Mitral stenosis causes increased preload.
Rationale 3: Reduced circulating blood volume contributes to decreased preload.
Rationale 4: Vasodilators enlarge the vessels and reduce resistance.
Rationale 5: Myocarditis contributes to elevated preload.
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