Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. The retributive model of punishment emphasizes society’s moral responsibility to punish the guilty.
2. Rehabilitation focuses on making offenders fearful of future punishment, thus preventing future
offenses.
3. One of the retributive justifications for punishment is deterrence.
4. Retributive proponents argue that punishment must be swift, certain, and severe.
5. Many studies have tested for the effects of offender characteristics such as marital status,
responsibility for dependent children, or a history of drug or alcohol abuse on sentencing.
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. False
5. False
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When the message is converted into a readily understandable form, it is said to be ________.
A. interpreted B. decoded C. encoded D. received
Community, educational, economic, and police programs must have a substantial and positive presence where the need is greatest. _____ political orientation can or should own or disown this reality.
a. no b. independent c. liberal d. conservative
Research comparing the sentencing decisions of African American and white state court judges has yielded ___________results
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
The general theory of crime is criticized for all of the following reasons except a. impulsivity is only one personality trait correlated with crime. b. it does not explain racial and gender differences in crime
c. it assumes that criminal propensity does not change. d. it is overly focused on white-collar crime.