The second early alternative sanction, _______________, was initially a form of exemption to criminal punishment that was provided for clergy in Europe during the 12th century.

a. benefit of clergy
b. judicial reprieve
c. sanctuary
d. recognizance


a. benefit of clergy

Criminal Justice

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The Twelve Tables were introduced as a means of satisfying both the patrician and plebian classes

a. True b. False

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The study of motivation is of recent origin

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

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Inventory shrinkage in the retail trade industry is also known as what?

A. Shoplifting B. Boosting C. Snitching D. Robbing

Criminal Justice

If an individual is arrested and the prosecutor decides to charge them with a crime, they do so by:

a. notifying by memo the judge who, if the case goes to trial, will probably preside. b. notifying by memo the lawyer representing the accused. c. filing a complaint, information, or indictment with the court. d. notifying the accused by letter.

Criminal Justice