Who created the concept of the “hedonistic calculus,” which involves individuals maximizing pleasure and reducing pain?

a. Cesare Beccaria
b. William Penn
c. Jeremy Bentham
d. Samuel Wood


c. Jeremy Bentham

Criminal Justice

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POs who are given exclusively mentally ill offender-clients to supervise because of their particular psychological training are operating under the:

A) specialized caseloads model. B) numbers game model. C) conventional model with mentally ill offender-client considerations. D) conventional model.

Criminal Justice

To what do sections 3300 to 3311 of the California Government Code refer?

A) Uniform Peace Officers' Disciplinary Act B) No-Confidence Vote Procedural Review C) Public Safety Officers' Procedural Bill of Rights D) Uniform Peace Officers Collective Bargaining Procedural Act E) Police Officers Association Act

Criminal Justice

Most treatment programs in the community tend to have more ______ between treatment providers and participants.

A. mistrust B. accountability C. face-to-face contact D. social interaction

Criminal Justice

After the defense rests its case, the prosecution has an opportunity for ________.

A. surrebuttal B. cross-examination C. re-cross-examination D. rebuttal

Criminal Justice